Commonsense reasoning

Commonsense reasoning is the branch of Artificial intelligence concerned with replicating human thinking. There are several components to this problem, including:

Developing adequately broad and deep commonsense knowledge bases.
Developing reasoning methods that exhibit the features of human thinking, including the ability to:
- reason with knowledge that is true by default
- reason rapidly across a broad range of domains
- tolerate uncertainty in your knowledge
- take decisions under incomplete knowledge and perhaps revise that belief or decision when complete knowledge becomes available.
Developing new kinds of cognitive architectures that support multiple reasoning methods and representations.

1 Prominent Researchers and Individuals Involved
2 Common Sense Problems
3 Schools of thought
4 See also
5 References
6 External links

Prominent Researchers and Individuals Involved

Common Sense Problems

Formalizing the commonsense knowledge needed for even simple reasoning problems is a huge undertaking. For this reason, researchers often study small toy problems, such as planning in the blocks world domain. Because such toy problems can gloss over some of the more interesting research issues, there has been a recent trend toward working on more realistic challenge problems. Common Sense Problems

Schools of thought

Prof. John McCarthy believes in formal logic approach to common sense reasoning. Prof. Marvin Minsky takes an approach illustrated in The Society of Mind and in The Emotion Machine.

References

Minsky, Marvin (1988). The Society of Mind.
Davis, Ernest (1990). Representations of Commonsense Knowledge. San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann. ISBN 1-55860-033-7.
McCarthy, John (1990). Formalizing Common Sense. Norwood, NJ: Ablex. ISBN 1-871516-49-8.
Minsky, Marvin (2006). The Emotion Machine: Commonsense Thinking, Artificial Intelligence, and the Future of the Human Mind. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-7432-7663-9.
Mueller, Erik T. (2006) Commonsense Reasoning. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann. ISBN 0-12-369388-8.

External links

Computable knowledge

Topics and concepts	Alphabet of human thought • Automated reasoning • Commonsense knowledge base • Commonsense reasoning • Computability • Formal system • Inference engine • Knowledge base • Knowledge-based systems • Knowledge discovery • Knowledge engineering • Knowledge representation • Knowledge retrieval • Knowledge extraction • Logic programming • Ontology • Question answering • Semantic reasoner

Proposals and implementations	Zairja • Ars Magna (Ramon Llull, 1300) • An Essay towards a Real Character and a Philosophical Language (John Wilkins, 1688) • Calculus ratiocinator & Characteristica universalis (Gottfried Leibniz, 1700) • Dewey Decimal Classification (Melvil Dewey, 1876) • Begriffsschrift (Gottlob Frege, 1879) • Mundaneum (Paul Otlet & Henri La Fontaine, 1910) • Logical atomism (Bertrand Russell, 1918) • Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (Ludwig Wittgenstein, 1921) • Hilbert's program (David Hilbert, 1920s) • Incompleteness theorem (Kurt Gödel, 1931) • Memex (Vannevar Bush, 1945) • Prolog (1972) • Cyc (1984) • True Knowledge (True Knowledge Ltd., 2007) • Wolfram Alpha (Wolfram Research, 2009) • Watson (IBM, 2011) • Siri (Apple, 2011)

In fiction	The Engine (Gulliver's Travels, 1726) • Joe (A Logic Named Joe, 1946) • The Librarian (Snow Crash, 1992) • Dr. Know (A.I. Artificial Intelligence, 2001) See also: Logic machines in fiction and List of fictional computers